developed an adhesive hydrogel containing miR-223-5p-loaded nanoparticles to control macrophage polarization to M2 for promoting wound healing. MicroRNAs are widely used in the treatment of various diseases owing to the advantage of multiple targets, which can avoid the above shortcomings of cytokines. The strategy proposed in this paper holds potential for controlling sequential M1-to-M2 polarization of macrophages, which provides another perspective for the treatment of bone tissue regeneration.
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The results showed that microRNA nanocarriers, synthesized through free radical polymerization, could be internalized by macrophages with about a cellular uptake efficiency of 80%, and the sequential delivery of microRNA-155 nanocarriers and microRNA-21 nanocarriers proved, for the first time, that it could promote an efficient and timely switch from the M1 to the M2 phenotype along the time point of bone tissue repair.
The goal of this paper is to design a microRNA delivery nanocarrier for strictly temporal guidance of the polarization of macrophages by the sequential delivery of different microRNAs. The early-stage repair of bone injuries dominated by the inflammatory phase is significant for successful bone healing, and the phenotypic transition of macrophages in the inflammatory phase plays indispensable roles during the bone healing process.